General Studies Paper I

Analyze the importance of Ashokan inscriptions for reconstructing Mauryan history. (Answer in 150 words)

Vijayanagara architecture exemplifies the amalgamation of past traditions with contemporary practices. Elucidate with examples. (Answer in 250 words)

Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. (Answer in 150 words)

Examine the main aspects of Akbar's religious syncretism. (Answer in 150 words)

'The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.' Elucidate. (Answer in 150 words)

Underline the changes in the field of society and economy from the Rig Vedic to the later Vedic period. (Answer in 150 words)

Estimate the contribution of Pallavas of Kanchi for the development of art and literature of South India. (Answer in 150 words)

'Though the great Cholas are no more yet their name is still remembered with great pride because of their highest achievements in the domain of art and architecture.' Comment. (Answer in 250 words)

Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India.

What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?

What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society?

How will you explain the medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days?

Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period and Chola period to Indian heritage and culture .

Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.

The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss.

Highlight the Central Asian and Greco Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art.

Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment.

How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of the Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times?

Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture. Discuss

Evaluate the nature of the Bhakti Literature and its contribution to Indian culture.

Indian Philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss.

The Bhakti movement received a remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Discuss.

Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate.

Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment.

Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travellers in the reconstruction of the history of India.

Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate.

The ancient civilization in Indian sub continent differed from those of Egypt , Mesopotamia and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without breakdown to the present day. Comment

Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but also a fine aesthetic sense comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment.

To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss.

Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of different disciplines. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss.

Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss.

Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.

Write a sentence each on any five of the following traditional theatre forms: Bhand Pather, Swang, Maach, Bhaona, Mudiyettu, Dashavatar

What are the major different styles of unglazed pottery making in India?

While bringing out their salient features, distinguish between either ‘Madhubani’ Art and ‘Manjusha’ Art or ‘Rajasthani’ schools of painting and the ‘Pahari’ school of Painting.

Sufis and medieval saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu/ Muslim societies to any appreciable extent. Comment.

Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment.

Discuss the ‘Tandava’ dance as recorded in early Indian inscriptions.

What are the groups into which musical instruments in India have traditionally been classified?

Comment on each of the following in about 20 words each: (b) Bangurumba folk dance

Distinguish either between the ‘Moatsu’ and ‘Yemshe’ festivals of Nagaland or the ‘Losar’ and ‘Khan’ festivals of Arunachal Pradesh.

List the classical dance forms of India as per the Sangeet Natak Akademi.

Discuss the impact of Macaulay’s Minute on colonial administration and education in India. (Answer in 150 words)

The significance of the Gandhian movements lay in the masses they mobilized. Elucidate. (Answer in 150 words)

Mahatma Jotirao Phule's writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)

What were the events that led to the Quit India Movement? Point out its results. (Answer in 150 words)

How far was the Industrial Revolution in England responsible for the decline of handicrafts and cottage industries in India? (Answer in 250 words)

What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism?

Throw light on the significance of the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in the present times.

Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.

Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B R Ambedkar, despite having divergent approaches and strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate.

“In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India.” Elaborate.

In the context of the freedom struggle, write short notes (not exceeding 50 words each) on the following: ‘Babbar Akali’ movement

Contributions of Latika Ghosh to the freedom struggle

Contributions of Bhai Maharaj Singh as a freedom fighter

How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to the colonial oppression?

Why did the armies of the British East India Company – mostly comprising of Indian soldiers – win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the Indian rulers? Give reasons.

Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons.

Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long term implications on the national movements.

Why indentured labour was taken by the British from India to their colonies? have they been able to preserve their cultural identity over there?

It would have been difficult for the Constituent Assembly to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India in just three years, but its experience gained with the Government of India Act, 1935 .Discuss.

Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence.

“Dalhousie’s predecessors had acted on the general principles of avoiding annexations, if these could be avoided. Dalhousie acted on the principles of annexation, if lie could do so legitimately. His annexations were both of war and peace.” Analyse.

The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples.

Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity.

Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements with special reference to Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj.

Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century’s ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity.

Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy.

To what extent did the role of the moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? Comment.

Why did the ‘Moderates’ failed to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century?

Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.

Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate.

Discuss the role of women in the freedom struggle especially during the Gandhian phase.

How difficult would have been the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma Gandhi? Discuss.

Since the decade of the 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideological strands and thereby expanded its social base. Discuss.

Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power during the 1940s.

Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian Independence since the twenties of the last century.

In what ways did the navel mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial aspirations in India?

Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torchbearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss.

Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom.

“The Indian independence movement was a mass-based movement the encompassed various sections of society. It also underwent the process of constant ideological evolution.” Critically examine.

Comment on each of the following in about 20 words each: (a) The significance of Patharughat in the Indian freedom struggle.

Trace the salient sequence of events in the popular revolt that took place in February 1946 in the then, ‘Royal Indian Navy’ and bring out its significance in the freedom struggle. Do you agree with the view that the sailors who took part in this revolt were some of the unsung heroes of the freedom struggle?

Evaluate the influence of the three important women’s organizations of the early twentieth century in India on the Country’s society and politics. To what extent do you think were the social objectives of these organizations constrained by their political objectives?

The 1857 uprising was the culmination of the recurrent, big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate.

Explain how the Uprising of 1857 constitutes an important watershed in the evolution of British policies towards colonial India.

The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat?

In the context of the freedom struggle, write short notes (not exceeding 50 words each) on the following: ‘Benoy-Badal-Dinesh’ martyrdom

In the context of the freedom struggle, write short notes (not exceeding 50 words each) on the following: Bharat Naujawan Sabha

Linguistic reorganization of Indian States was driven by popular pressure from below. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)

The model of planned economy was adopted in India to address the regional imbalances left behind by colonial rule. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)

Trace India's consolidation process during early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations. (Answer in 250 words)

Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States.

Discuss whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy of India.

Has the formation of linguistic States strengthened the cause of Indian Unity?

The New Economic Policy – 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon after independence. Evaluate.

Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan movements initiated by AcharyaVinobhaBhave and their success.

Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan, ‘Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan’.

Discuss the contributions of MaulanaAbulKalam Azad to pre- and post-independent India.

Analyze the circumstances that led to the Tashkent Agreement in 1966. Discuss the highlights of the Agreement.

Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive role in the emergence of Bangladesh.

The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain. (Answer in 250 words)

How far is it correct to say that the First World War was fought essentially for the preservation of balance of power? (Answer in 250 words)

Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world

Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French Revolutions.

Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England? Discuss the quality of life of the people there during the industrialization. How does it compare with that in India at present times?

‘Latecomer’ Industrial Revolution in Japan involved certain factors that were markedly different from what West had experienced.” Analyze.

” There arose a serious challenge to the Democratic State System between the two World Wars.” Evaluate the statement.

To what extend can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World Wars? Discuss critically.

What problems are germane to the decolonization process in the Malay Peninsula?

The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western-educated Africans.

What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial in India?

What were the events that led to the Suez Crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final blow to Britain’s self-image as a world power?

“Africa was chopped into states artificially created by accidents of European competition.” Analyze.

“American Revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism.” Substantiate.

What policy instruments were deployed to contain the Great Economic Depression?

Unity in diversity remains the defining feature of Indian society despite the challenges from communalism and regionalism. Comment. (Answer in 150 words)

How do you understand disability? Substantiate the need for inclusive policy framework in India in this regard. (Answer in 150 words)

Do you think digital technology promotes social empowerment? Explain with examples. (Answer in 150 words)

Is caste disappearing in urban India? Illustrate your answer with examples. (Answer in 250 words)

Critically examine the challenges of demographic transition in contemporary India. (Answer in 250 words)

Evaluate the impact of globalization on Indian youths with reference to social, political, economic and cultural spheres. (Answer in 250 words)

How does smart city in India, address the issues of urban poverty and distributive justice? (Answer in 150 words)

The ethos of civil service in India stand for the combination of professionalism with nationalistic consciousness - Elucidate. (Answer in 150 words)

Do you think that globalization results in only an aggressive consumer culture? Justify your answer. (Answer in 150 words)

How do you account for the growing fast food industries given that there are increased health concerns in modern society? Illustrate your answer with the Indian experience. (Answer in 250 words)

Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people's needs in a country like India - Comment. (Answer in 250 words)

Does tribal development in India centre around two axes, those of displacement and of rehabilitation? Give your opinion. (Answer in 250 words)

Why do large cities tend to attract more migrants than smaller towns? Discuss in the light of conditions in developing countries. (Answer in 150 words)

What is the concept of a 'demographic winter'? Is the world moving towards such a situation? Elaborate. (Answer in 150 words)

Distinguish between gender equality, gender equity and women's empowerment. Why is it important to take gender concerns into account in programme design and implementation? (Answer in 150 words)

Intercaste marriages between castes which have socio-economic parity have increased, to some extent, but this is less true of interreligious marriages. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

In dealing with socio-economic issues of development, what kind of collaboration between government, NGOs and private sector would be most productive? (Answer in 150 words)

What is regional disparity? How does it differ from diversity? How serious is the issue of regional disparity in India? (Answer in 250 words)

Despite comprehensive policies for equity and social justice, underprivileged sections are not yet getting the full benefits of affirmative action envisaged by the Constitution. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)

Globalization has increased urban migration by skilled, young, unmarried women from various classes. How has this trend impacted upon their personal freedom and relationship with family? (Answer in 250 words)

Critically analyse the proposition that there is a high correlation between India's cultural diversities and socio-economic marginalities. (Answer in 250 words)

Do you think marriage as a sacrament in loosing its value in Modern India?

Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children.

Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work From Home’ on family relationships.

How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption?

Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural systems.

Discuss the main objectives of Population Education and point out the measures to achieve them in India in detail.

How does Indian society maintain continuity in traditional social values? Enumerate the changes taking place in it.

Customs and traditions suppress reason leading to obscurantism. Do you agree?

What makes the Indian society unique in sustaining its culture? Discuss.

Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation? Elaborate with examples.

“Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste system cannot be eradicated in India.”

In the context of the diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the States? Give reasons with examples for your view point.

The spirit of tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at the present. Elaborate.

“The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues of employment, but has also created new problems”. Substantiate this statement with examples

Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian Society.

Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India.

“Empowering women is the key to control population growth.” Discuss.

What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space?

‘Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata.’ Substantiate your view.

The women’s questions arose in modern India as a part of the 19th century social reform movement. What are the major issues and debates concerning women in that period?

“Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women’s organization free from gender bias.” Comment.

Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises?

what are the environmental implications of the reclamation of the water bodies into urban land use? Explain with examples.

With a brief background of quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and strategy of the 'Smart City Programme'.

Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for women? Give your arguments.

Discuss the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanization in India.

The significance of counter-urbanisation in the improvement of metropolitan cities in India.

Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static?

Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism.

Given the diversities among the tribal communities in India, in which specific contexts should they be considered as a single category?

Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism? Justify your answer.

Has caste lost its relevance in understanding the multi- cultural Indian Society? Elaborate your answer with illustrations.

Do you agree that regionalism in India appears to be a consequence of rising cultural assertiveness? Argue.

What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism?

How the Indian concept of secularism different from the western model of secularism? Discuss.

‘Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation.’ Argue by giving suitable illustrations.

Distinguish between religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former has got transformed into the latter in independent India.

What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer.

Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building a national identity.

Debate the issue whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste.

How do the Indian debates on secularism differ from the debates in the West?

Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in generation of demand for a separate state. Discuss.

Analyze the salience of ‘sect’ in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region and religion.

Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India.

What is Cryptocurrency? How does it affect global society? Has it been affecting Indian society also?

Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer.

Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss.

Globalisation is generally said to promote cultural homogenisation but due to this cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian society.’ Elucidate.

To what extent globalization has influenced the core of cultural diversity in India? Explain.

Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India?

The life cycle of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social values. Discuss.

Critically examine the effect of globalization on the aged population in India.

COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment.

‘Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing’. Explain by giving reasons.

"An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from the process of deprivation." Substantiate this statement with suitable examples.

Why are the tribals in India referred to as 'the Scheduled Tribes? Indicate the major provisions in the Constitution of India for their upliftment.

Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the mains cause of population increase in India.

How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes?

Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades.

How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the education system in the country? Elaborate your answer.

What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes(STs)?

How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle class working woman in India?

Discuss the various economic and socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing feminization of agriculture in India.

What is the Fujiwhara effect? Explain its impact on the movement and intensity of tropical cyclones. (Answer in 150 words)

“Tundra regions are ecologically fragile but economically important.” Examine this statement critically. (Answer in 150 words)

Discuss the role of aeolian processes in desertification and land degradation. (Answer in 150 words)

“Water resources are both an asset and a source of conflict in South Asia.” Examine this statement giving examples. (Answer in 150 words)

Compare the Loo, Chinook and Foehn winds with respect to their regions of prevalence, their nature and climatic impacts. (Answer in 250 words)

Analyze the role of satellite-based technologies in achieving climate-smart agriculture and food security in India. (Answer in 250 words)

“The centre of global trade is gradually shifting from the Atlantic region to the Indo-Pacific region.” Examine this statement. (Answer in 250 words)

Analyze the major drivers of human-induced land-use changes in India and their geographical consequences. (Answer in 250 words)

How are climate change and the sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)

What are non-farm primary activities? How are these activities related to physiographic features in India? Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)

Explain briefly the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)

What are Tsunamis? How and where are they formed? What are their consequences? Explain with examples. (Answer in 150 words)

Give a geographical explanation of the distribution of off-shore oil reserves of the world. How are they different from the on-shore occurrences of oil reserves? (Answer in 250 words)

How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) and drones be effectively used along with GIS and RS techniques in locational and areal planning? (Answer in 250 words)

Discuss how the changes in shape and sizes of continents and ocean basins of the planet take place due to tectonic movements of the crustal masses. (Answer in 250 words)

Discuss the distribution and density of population in the Ganga River Basin with special reference to land, soil and water resources. (Answer in 250 words)

What is sea surface temperature rise? How does it affect the formation of tropical cyclones? (Answer in 150 words)

What is the phenomenon of 'cloudbursts'? Explain. (Answer in 150 words)

The groundwater potential of the gangetic valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India? (Answer in 250 words)

What are aurora australis and aurora borealis? How are these triggered? (Answer in 250 words)

What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico? (Answer in 250 words)

Discuss the consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries.

How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human activities on the Earth? Explain.

The process of desertification does not have climate boundaries. Justify with examples.

Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures.

Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change.

How does the cryosphere affect global climate?

Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan glaciers and the symptoms of climate change in the Indian sub-continent.

Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?

How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far- reaching impact on the water resources of India?

What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India?

The effective management of land and water resources will drastically reduce the human miseries. Explain.

India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically examine why it still suffers from water scarcity.

How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?

Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks.

Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats.

Why is India considered as a sub-continent? Elaborate your answer.

Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics.

How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the Earth?

Why are the world’s fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring out the association between the global distribution of fold mountains and the earthquakes and volcanoes.

Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philipines archipelagos.

What do you understand by the theory of continental drift? Discuss the prominent evidences in its support.

Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 deg N latitudes and on the western sides of the continents. Why?

Sea-floor spreading

Why is the South-West monsoon called ‘Purvaiya’ (easterly) in Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region?

Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological department.

Troposphere is a very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather processes. How?

Discuss the concept of air mass and explain its role in macro-climatic changes.

How far do you agree that the behaviour of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscape? Discuss.

What do you understand by the phenomenon of ‘temperature inversion’ in meteorology? How does it affect weather and the habitants of the place?

Frontogenesis and Frontolysis

Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas.

Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples.

Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forests regions of India.

Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology.

Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India?

From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons.

Describing the distribution of rubber producing countries, indicate the major environmental issues faced by them.

Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in percentage. Discuss.

What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India?

Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw material, by giving examples.

The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine.

Can the strategy of regional resource-based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India?

How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism?

How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development in India?

Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation?

“The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system.” How can it be made effective in urban areas?

Defining blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India.

What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics.

Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and explain the nature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success.

Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oil producing areas, particularly in many of the developing countries. Explain its implications.

In what way can floods be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India?

Major cities of India are becoming more vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss.

Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water transport in India.

Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three Mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much more serious probelm in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so?

The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are reaching the limits of ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate.

Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart vilages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration.

Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain.

Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new sugar mills in southern states of India? Discuss with justification.

Analyze the factors for the highly decentralized cotton textile industry in India.

Discuss the extent, causes, and implications of the ‘nutrition transition’ said to be underway in India.

“Disputes between the- riparian states on sharing of river waters in post- Independence India are becoming increasingly complex.” Objectively analyse the major disputes in this connection, with special reference to the Southern States.

“Small-holder farms need to be strengthened to achieve national food security.” Do you agree with this assessment? Substantiate.

List the significant local storms of the hot-weather season .F in the country and bring out their socio-economic impact.

Transhumance in India

‘Break-of-bulk” towns

Discuss the natural resource potentials of ‘Deccan trap’.

Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of mineral oil in the world.

“Inspite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development”. Discuss

Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread.

India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its developments. Elaborate.

What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in Arctic Sea and its possible environemental consequences?

With growing scarcity of fossil fuels, the atomic energy is gaining more and more significance in India. Discuss the availability of raw material required for the generation of atomic energy in India and in the world.

It is said that India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, which can feed the needs of the country for quarter century. However, tapping of the resource does not appear to be high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues involved.

Given the accelerated pace development and demand for energy, would you consider renewable energy as a viable option for India’s future?

What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in fishing industry of the world.

Assess the impact of global warming on the coral life system with examples.

How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment? Give suitable examples.

What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystem?

Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-dimensional effects.

Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence regional climates, fishing and navigation?

Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade.

Why is India taking keen interest in the Arctic region?

What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia?

Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron and Steel industry in the world.

Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which can be harnessed to meet the resource crisis in the world.

How does India see its place in the economic space of rising natural resources rich Africa?

Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment.

Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum- Pacific Zone.

Discuss the factors for localisation of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India.

Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulses because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by United Nations.

In what way micro-watershed development projects help in water conservation in drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India?

Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually by-pass the eastern region despite fertile soil and good availability of water?

Assess the contributions made by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in agricultural development.

Golden Revolution

"The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides." Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation.

Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an outcome of the El-Nino effect. Do you agree?

Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico. Why?

The recent cyclone on the east coast of India was called ‘Phailin’. How are the tropical cyclones named across the world? Elaborate.

Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world.

Bring out the causes for more frequent occurrence of landslides in the Himalayas than in the Western Ghats.

South China Sea has assumed great geopolitical significance in the present context. Comment.

Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations.

There is no formation of deltas by rivers on the Western Ghats. Why?

Causes for dominant dendritic pattern of drainage in the Gangetic plains